Calling Rules
What every call and text is checked against before it reaches somebody, and what RubyDoo Phone does about each rule for you. For reading, not changing.
A best-effort reading of federal and state law. It has not been reviewed by a
lawyer and is not legal advice. Each entry lists its sources and how
confident the reading is.
What RubyDoo Phone handles for you
- Calling hours, opt-outs and your own do-not-call list are applied to every call and text automatically, in the recipient's local time.
- The state limits on how many — Florida, Maryland, Oklahoma and Oregon — are counted across your lines.
- An AI voice is refused outright for a lead follow-up, a customer sale or recruiting, before it is ever queued.
The National Do Not Call Registry is checked automatically before a sales call or text goes out, against data no more than 31 days old. Still not automated: the state lists and the litigator check. Until they are, cold outreach into those states is only as safe as the list you send it from.
This page is about SELLING. Everything below assumes a contact
that asks somebody to buy, rent or invest. If it is not selling — staff,
a vendor you already deal with, answering someone, a customer-service message,
or recruiting somebody to join you — then the registry, the state lists
and the consent laws below do not reach it at all, and only your own
do-not-call list, the opt-outs and the hours apply. That fork is on the
Flow tab.
Business or consumer changes exactly one thing: the federal
registry protects residential subscribers, so a genuine business line is
outside it — but a wireless number on the registry is presumed
residential, and a business cell is still a cell.
A cold contact is one you have no exemption for. That is a stranger — and it is equally a lead whose inquiry is more than 3 months old, or a customer whose last purchase was more than 18 months ago. Once the exemption lapses, their history with you counts for nothing.
While an exemption is alive, most of this falls away. Written consent, an inquiry within the last 3 months, or a purchase within the last 18 lets you contact somebody on the registry — though written consent is the only one of the three that also lets an AI voice place a sales call. See Federal Do Not Call.
The two media are not close
| Allowed | Not at all | Why they differ | |
|---|---|---|---|
| text | 47 places | 9 places | No federal consent is needed for a text sent from a stored list. What stops you is the registry and the states that demand consent first. |
| AI call | 20 places | 36 places | An artificial voice needs prior express consent to reach any mobile, whatever the call is about — so on a mobile there is no cold AI call to make at all. The figures here are landlines, and many states bar an automated call outright or require a live person to get consent first. |
If cold outreach is the plan, texting is the route that exists. The voice route is open in a handful of places, on landlines only, and you cannot tell a landline from a mobile by looking at the number.
By text
True everywhere, before any group below — text
- Subscribe to the National Do Not Call Registry and scrub within 31 days. Cold outreach has no inquiry and no consent behind it, so the registry is the only thing standing between a sales text and a registered number. Data older than 31 days does not count.
- Scrub your own do-not-call list. Anyone who asked this business to stop, kept 5 years.
- Honour opt-outs at once. STOP, REVOKE, OPT OUT and the same thing said plainly, with one confirmation back.
- Text inside calling hours where they are. 8am to 9pm in the recipient’s own time zone, or a state’s stricter hours where there are some.
Where it is allowed — texts
Most permissive first. Territories are included: the federal rules reach Washington DC, Puerto Rico, Guam, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa and the Northern Marianas like any state.
Nothing beyond the basics above
33 places
AL
AK
AS
AR
DE
DC
GA
GU
HI
ID
IL
IA
KS
KY
ME
MI
MN
MT
NE
NH
NM
ND
MP
OH
PR
RI
SC
SD
VI
UT
VT
WV
WY
Alabama · Alaska · American Samoa · Arkansas · Delaware · District of Columbia · Georgia · Guam · Hawaii · Idaho · Illinois · Iowa · Kansas · Kentucky · Maine · Michigan · Minnesota · Montana · Nebraska · New Hampshire · New Mexico · North Dakota · Northern Mariana Islands · Ohio · Puerto Rico · Rhode Island · South Carolina · South Dakota · U.S. Virgin Islands · Utah · Vermont · West Virginia · Wyoming
Buy and scrub the state’s own list
1 place- Indiana’s own do-not-call list
Registration with the Attorney General; list issued quarterly. Cost: About $750 per year — unconfirmed..
IN
Indiana
Register with the state first
1 place- Registration with the state
Chapter 599B, $6,000 plus a $50,000 bond.
NV
Nevada
Hours set by the state
1 place- Hours the state sets for itself
8am to 9pm.
NC
North Carolina
A longer opt-out
1 place- Opt-outs, beyond the federal rule
The entity-specific do-not-call duty in GBL § 399-z(7)-(9) applies to texts as well as calls — the definitions reach 'telephone call or electronic messaging text'. Only the thirty-second timing is call-shaped.
NY
New York
Buy and scrub the state’s own list · Register with the state first
2 places- Colorado’s own do-not-call list
Download (ASCII or CSV) from the state vendor after registering. Cost: $0–$500 per year depending on company size (2026)..
- Registration with the state
No-call registration plus AG seller registration. The fee is a SLIDING SCALE from $0 (under 5 employees) to a maximum of $500 (over 1,000), with no bond — 4 CCR 723-22-3.2. An earlier reading here said '$250 and $100 to renew', which was wrong.
CO
TX
Colorado · Texas
Buy and scrub the state’s own list · Hours set by the state
1 place- Missouri’s own do-not-call list
Registration; list issued quarterly. Cost: $50 per area code per quarter, or $1,200 per year for all six..
- Hours the state sets for itself
8am to 9pm. The statute is voice-worded; the Attorney General asserts it for texts anyway.
MO
Missouri
Register with the state first · Hours set by the state
2 places- Registration with the state
Attorney General, plus a $75,000 surety bond, scripts, and a list of outbound numbers. Covers texts.
- Hours the state sets for itself
8am to 8pm CENTRAL — fixed, not the recipient's local time — and no Sundays.
MS
WI
Mississippi · Wisconsin
Register with the state first · A longer opt-out
1 place- Registration with the state
Secretary of State, $250 to $500 plus a $100,000 bond — voice-worded, so whether it reaches a texting-only seller is unclear.
- Opt-outs, beyond the federal rule
Company do-not-call, kept 10 years.
AZ
Arizona
Hours set by the state · A longer opt-out
1 place- Hours the state sets for itself
8am to 9pm local, and it binds texts.
- Opt-outs, beyond the federal rule
A texted STOP or UNSUBSCRIBE must be honoured for at least 10 YEARS, and the sending number must accept STOP (from 2026-01-01).
VA
Virginia
Buy and scrub the state’s own list · Register with the state first · Hours set by the state
1 place- Massachusetts’s own do-not-call list — unconfirmed for texts
not confirmed
Registration; list emailed. Cost: $1,100 per year — unconfirmed..
- Registration with the state
Annual registration with OCABR, no bond. The $25,000 bond belongs to the charitable regime, not this one.
- Hours the state sets for itself
8am to 8pm local — reaching texts only if a text counts as a 'call'.
MA
Massachusetts
Buy and scrub the state’s own list · Register with the state first · Hours set by the state · A longer opt-out
1 place- Tennessee’s own do-not-call list
Registration; list updated monthly. Cost: $500 per year (July–June, due May 1)..
- Registration with the state
TPUC, $500 a year due 1 May, plus $1,000 for the principal and $50 per independent contractor. No bond found.
- Hours the state sets for itself
8am to 9pm prevailing time, expressly 'call or text' — the cleanest text rule found in any state.
- Opt-outs, beyond the federal rule
Internal do-not-call; the register itself lags 30 days.
TN
Tennessee
Register with the state first · Hours set by the state · A cap on how many · A longer opt-out
1 place- Registration with the state
Department of Justice, $400, no bond — voice only.
- Hours the state sets for itself
8am to 8pm, texts expressly covered. The statute does not say 'local time'.
- How many you may send
3 per 24 hours per party, unless there is an established business relationship (18 months).
- Opt-outs, beyond the federal rule
Immediate and indefinite, and an established business relationship does NOT excuse it.
OR
Oregon
Where it cannot be done at all — texts
These want consent before the first message, so there is nothing to scrub your way into. Reaching somebody here needs written consent, an inquiry from them, or a purchase.
| State | What it requires | |
|---|---|---|
| California CA | Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 17538.41(a) bars transmitting a text message advertisement to a mobile handset in California. The exceptions are relationship-and-opt-out based, not consent based: the subscriber's own carrier, a business with an existing relationship that offers a way out, or its affiliates where the subscriber consented to that business. Holding written consent, with no existing relationship, fits none of them. Violation is a misdemeanour (§ 17534). The $50-a-message damages in § 17538.45 are email only and do not reach texts.
Somebody may sue: No statutory per-text damages; enforced as a misdemeanour.
|
consent required |
| Connecticut CT | Prior express written consent since 2023-10-01 (P.A. 23-98). Conn. Gen. Stat. § 42-284 puts 'over-the-top messaging or text or media messaging' inside 'telephonic sales call', and § 42-288a(l) bars such a call without the consumer's prior express written consent. The agreement must disclose the means of contact and the number, clearly authorise the messages, and bear the consumer's signature.
Somebody may sue: CUTPA only, so a private suit needs ascertainable loss and yields no statutory damages. The state can seek $20,000 per violation.
|
consent required |
| Florida FL | Prior express written consent where an automated system handles BOTH selection AND dialing (narrowed by HB 761 in 2023). Four disclosures, and a checkbox or an affirmative reply counts as the signature.
Somebody may sue: $500, or $1,500 if willful, plus prevailing-party fees — which cut both ways.
|
consent required |
| Louisiana LA | The 2012 amendment that would have added text messages was proposed and never enacted. The only hook is the LPSC order's 'call or message, via any voice or data communication' together with prior express consent for cellular numbers. Treat a sales text here as needing consent until somebody settles it.
Somebody may sue: None — the LPSC enforces, at $1,500, $3,000 for a person over 65, or $10,000 unregistered.
|
not confirmed |
| Maryland MD | Com. Law §§ 14-4501 to 14-4503 require prior express written consent wherever an automated system for the SELECTION or dialing of numbers is used. There is no random-generator element, so an ordinary list-based texting platform is inside it. The consent must carry a signature, authorise a 'telephone call, text message, or voicemail', name the number, and state that it is not a condition of purchase.
Somebody may sue: Two, and they stack: $500 or actual damages trebled if willful, plus $500 per violation and fees under the Maryland TCPA.
|
consent required |
| New Jersey NJ | The telemarketing and do-not-call law is call-only, but N.J.S.A. 2A:65D-2 separately bars an unsolicited text advertisement to a New Jersey resident where they may incur a charge or a usage deduction. 'Unsolicited' means sent without prior permission, so permission is required; the statute does not specify writing.
Somebody may sue: None under the telemarketing law; the remedies under 2A:65D are unconfirmed.
|
consent required |
| Oklahoma OK | The Telephone Solicitation Act requires prior express written consent where an automated system selects OR dials — Oklahoma did not follow Florida's 2023 retreat to 'selection AND dialing'. Same four disclosures as Florida, but a signature means an e-signature: there is no checkbox clause.
Somebody may sue: $500, trebled to $1,500 for a willful violation. No attorney's fees.
|
consent required |
| Pennsylvania PA | From 2026-10-18 (Act 47): prior express written consent identifying the number, clearly disclosing what is agreed to, stating it is not a condition of purchase, and signed — e-signature accepted. Before that date texts sit outside the statute entirely.
Somebody may sue: No direct right. A UTPCPL claim needs a purchase and ascertainable loss, which an unwanted text usually fails.
|
consent required |
| Washington WA | RCW 19.190.060 reads as a flat ban on commercial texts to Washington numbers, and RCW 19.190.070(1)(b) is a standalone exemption for any sender where the subscriber 'has clearly and affirmatively consented in advance'. So it is strict opt-in rather than a ban. State law names no form: no writing or signature is specified.
Somebody may sue: No direct action under CEMA (Wright v. Lyft); the route is the Consumer Protection Act per se, with trebling and fees and no injury-in-fact needed. Recipient damages fell from $500 to $100 per text for actions commenced on or after 2026-06-11 (ESHB 2274).
|
consent required |
By AI call
True everywhere, before any group below — call
- Prior express consent, before an AI voice may call a mobile. The rule is about the VOICE, not the pitch: an artificial or prerecorded voice needs the person’s own prior express consent to reach a mobile number, whether or not the call sells anything. A cold call has none, so on a mobile there is no cold AI call to make. Only federal debt collection is carved out.
- Scrub your own do-not-call list. Anyone who asked this business to stop, kept 5 years. It overrides every exemption below.
- Subscribe to the National Do Not Call Registry and scrub within 31 days. A sales call to a registered number needs written consent, an inquiry within 3 months, or a purchase within 18. The registry protects RESIDENTIAL subscribers, so a genuine business line is outside it — but a wireless number on the registry is presumed residential.
- Call inside the hours where they are. 8am to 9pm in the recipient’s own time zone, and several states close an automated voice earlier than a person.
Where it is allowed — AI calls
Most permissive first. Territories are included: the federal rules reach Washington DC, Puerto Rico, Guam, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa and the Northern Marianas like any state.
Nothing beyond the basics above
7 places
AS
GU
IA
KS
MP
PR
VI
American Samoa · Guam · Iowa · Kansas · Northern Mariana Islands · Puerto Rico · U.S. Virgin Islands
Register with the state first
3 places- Registration with the state
A $50,000 bond plus a $100 fee.
DE
ID
OH
Delaware · Idaho · Ohio
Hours set by the state
1 place- Hours the state sets for itself
8am to 9pm local — the same as federal, so it adds nothing.
HI
Hawaii
Register with the state first · Hours set by the state
2 places- Registration with the state
Public Utilities Commission, up to $500 a year.
- Hours the state sets for itself
9am to 9pm local, and NO Sundays.
SD
WV
South Dakota · West Virginia
Register with the state first · Its own rule for an artificial voice
1 place- Registration with the state
Secretary of State, $125. Soliciting unregistered carries 18 months and $10,000.
- A rule aimed at the voice, not the selling
The crime attaches to 'an automatically dialed OR prerecorded telephone call', keyed to the technology.
VT
Vermont
Hours set by the state · A cap on how many
1 place- Hours the state sets for itself
8am to 8pm. The statute does not say 'local time'; § 646.563(2) keys it to the area code.
- How many you may place
3 per 24 hours per party unless there is an established business relationship (18 months) — a budget SHARED with texts.
OR
Oregon
Hours set by the state · Its own rule for an artificial voice
1 place- Hours the state sets for itself
An autodialer may call only 9am to 9pm; a live call keeps the federal 8am to 9pm.
- A rule aimed at the voice, not the selling
815 ILCS 305/5 defines an autodialer purely as equipment, so the duties in 305/15 attach to the technology rather than the pitch.
IL
Illinois
Buy and scrub the state’s own list · Hours set by the state · A cap on how many
1 place- Tennessee’s own do-not-call list
Registration; list updated monthly. Cost: $500 per year (July–June, due May 1)..
- Hours the state sets for itself
8am to 9pm prevailing time — the same as federal.
- How many you may place
A cap of 10,000 automated solicitations a month, in force 2026-07-01; 500 or more a month triggers semiannual TPUC filing from 2026-10-01 (§ 65-4-411).
TN
Tennessee
Buy and scrub the state’s own list · Hours set by the state · Its own rule for an artificial voice
1 place- Missouri’s own do-not-call list
Registration; list issued quarterly. Cost: $50 per area code per quarter, or $1,200 per year for all six..
- Hours the state sets for itself
8am to 9pm local — the same as federal, so it adds nothing.
- A rule aimed at the voice, not the selling
§ 407.1073(1)(5) requires a 'computer-generated... voice' to disclose itself.
MO
Missouri
Register with the state first · A longer or stricter opt-out · Its own rule for an artificial voice
1 place- Registration with the state
$20 a year, filed 10 business days ahead — the cheapest registration found anywhere.
- Opt-outs, beyond the federal rule
RSA 359-E:4 requires the system to disconnect within 30 seconds of the called party hanging up.
- A rule aimed at the voice, not the selling
Binds 'ANY automatic telephone dialing system used in this state', with no selling element.
NH
New Hampshire
Hours set by the state · A longer or stricter opt-out · Its own rule for an artificial voice
1 place- Hours the state sets for itself
8am to 9pm — the same as federal — plus a ban during a declared state of emergency (GBL § 399-z(5-a)).
- Opt-outs, beyond the federal rule
An entity-specific do-not-call option must be offered no later than THIRTY SECONDS from the commencement of the call (GBL § 399-z(2)(b)).
- A rule aimed at the voice, not the selling
§ 399-p(3) binds 'whenever telephone calls are placed through the use of an ADAD', with no selling element, and its private right attaches to subdivisions 3-5.
NY
New York
Where it cannot be done at all — AI calls
Some of these ban an automated call outright; others require a LIVE PERSON to obtain consent before a recording plays, which for an unattended AI call amounts to the same thing. Reaching somebody here needs a human on the phone, or written consent, or a recent enough inquiry or purchase.
| State | What it requires | |
|---|---|---|
| Alabama AL | UNRESOLVED. Chapters 8-19A and 8-19C could not be reached on any route, so nothing here is a reading — treat an automated sales call into Alabama as needing consent until somebody settles it. | not confirmed |
| Alaska AK | AS 45.50.475(a)(4) bars automated telephone solicitation with no consent cure. | Cold AI calls are not permitted here |
| Arizona AZ | Prior express consent under § 44-1278(B)(4) — and § 44-1278(B)(3) BANS cold sales calls to mobile numbers outright, which matters more than the consent rule for cold outreach.
Somebody may sue: None express; the AG may seek $1,000 per violation.
|
Consent, before the call is placed at all |
| Arkansas AR | Ark. Code § 5-63-204 bars an automated commercial call with no consent cure — and a violation is a CLASS D FELONY, not a civil penalty.
Somebody may sue: Injunctive relief and fees.
|
Cold AI calls are not permitted here |
| California CA | A live operator must obtain consent before a recorded message plays (Pub. Util. Code § 2874), and from 2025-01-01 an AI voice must disclose itself (AB 2905).
Somebody may sue: No statutory per-text damages; enforced as a misdemeanour.
|
A live person must get consent first |
| Colorado CO | § 18-9-311 effectively prohibits an automated commercial call: it requires BOTH an existing business relationship AND consent.
Somebody may sue: Colorado Consumer Protection Act: actual damages, trebled for bad faith, plus fees.
|
Cold AI calls are not permitted here |
| Connecticut CT | Prior express written consent for EVERY telephonic sales call, not only texts (Conn. Gen. Stat. § 42-288a(l)).
Somebody may sue: CUTPA only, so a private suit needs ascertainable loss and yields no statutory damages. The state can seek $20,000 per violation.
|
Consent, before the call is placed at all |
| District of Columbia DC | D.C. Code § 34-1701 bars an automated call and names a 'synthesized voice' in terms, so an AI voice is caught on the statute's face rather than by analogy.
Somebody may sue: Actual and punitive damages plus fees; $1,500 per violation under the CPPA.
|
Cold AI calls are not permitted here |
| Florida FL | Prior express written consent where an automated system handles BOTH selection AND dialing, and separately for a recorded-message call (§ 501.059(8)(a)).
Somebody may sue: $500, or $1,500 if willful, plus prevailing-party fees — which cut both ways.
|
Consent, before the call is placed at all |
| Georgia GA | O.C.G.A. § 46-5-23 requires written consent, and a live introduction before the recording plays.
Somebody may sue: $2,000 for a knowing violation.
|
Consent, before the call is placed at all |
| Indiana IN | § 24-5-14-5: a caller may not USE OR CONNECT TO a telephone line with an automatic dialing-announcing device — no purpose element, and it reaches business lines. A live operator must precede the message (§ 24-5-14-7).
Somebody may sue: None. The AG enforces, at $10,000 then $25,000 to the state.
|
A live person must get consent first |
| Kentucky KY | KRS 367.461(2)(f) makes the use of an unattended automatic dialing device unlawful for solicitation.
Somebody may sue: § 367.46999.
|
Cold AI calls are not permitted here |
| Louisiana LA | The LPSC General Order requires a live operator and consent PER CALL.
Somebody may sue: None — the LPSC enforces, at $1,500, $3,000 for a person over 65, or $10,000 unregistered.
|
A live person must get consent first |
| Maine ME | 10 M.R.S. § 1498(2) bars an automated call to a residential AND a cellular number. No consent cure.
Somebody may sue: Unfair Trade Practices Act.
|
Cold AI calls are not permitted here |
| Maryland MD | Prior express written consent wherever an automated system handles the SELECTION or the dialing (Com. Law § 14-4502).
Somebody may sue: Two, and they stack: $500 or actual damages trebled if willful, plus $500 per violation and fees under the Maryland TCPA.
|
Consent, before the call is placed at all |
| Massachusetts MA | G.L. c.159C § 3(iv) bars a solicitation delivered by a 'recorded message device'. No consent cures it.
Somebody may sue: More than one call in 12 months: up to $5,000 or actual damages, plus fees.
|
Cold AI calls are not permitted here |
| Michigan MI | MCL 445.111a(1) bars a prerecorded commercial solicitation outright. There is no consent that cures it.
Somebody may sue: $1,000 plus attorney's fees.
|
Cold AI calls are not permitted here |
| Minnesota MN | Minn. Stat. § 325E.27 requires a live operator to obtain consent before a recorded message plays, and names a 'synthesized' voice in terms.
Somebody may sue: Via § 8.31; the Attorney General may seek $50,000.
|
A live person must get consent first |
| Mississippi MS | § 77-3-723(2) permits an automated call only on an existing relationship AND for a new product. No consent cure.
Somebody may sue: None express; the AG may seek up to $10,000 per communication.
|
Cold AI calls are not permitted here |
| Montana MT | Mont. Code § 45-8-216 requires a live operator — and it sits in the CRIMINAL code, carrying a $2,500 penalty.
Somebody may sue: $5,000 for a knowing violation, where more than one call was made.
|
A live person must get consent first |
| Nebraska NE | Neb. Rev. Stat. § 86-244 bars an automated call to a CELL PHONE outright, and a permit is required PER DEVICE for the rest.
Somebody may sue: None — the PSC enforces.
|
Cold AI calls are not permitted here |
| Nevada NV | NRS 597.814 bans the USE of the device for unsolicited calls; a violation is a misdemeanour. | Cold AI calls are not permitted here |
| New Jersey NJ | N.J.S.A. 48:17-28 requires a live operator and consent before a recorded message is delivered, with no sales-purpose element.
Somebody may sue: None under the telemarketing law; the remedies under 2A:65D are unconfirmed.
|
A live person must get consent first |
| New Mexico NM | N.M. Stat. § 57-12-22(A) permits an automated call only where there is BOTH an existing business relationship AND consent for that call — which together are unobtainable cold.
Somebody may sue: Unfair Practices Act.
|
Cold AI calls are not permitted here |
| North Carolina NC | § 75-104 bars an unsolicited automated call unless a live operator obtains consent first. 'Unsolicited telephone call' carries no purpose element.
Somebody may sue: $500, then $1,000, then $5,000 for repeat violations.
|
Cold AI calls are not permitted here |
| North Dakota ND | § 51-28-02 bars using an automatic dialing-announcing device, and separately bars delivering 'a prerecorded OR SYNTHESIZED voice message' — the second limb needs no dialer at all. Residential numbers. | A live person must get consent first |
| Oklahoma OK | Prior express written consent where an automated system selects OR dials (15 O.S. § 775C.3(A)) — Oklahoma did not follow Florida's 2023 retreat to 'selection AND dialing'.
Somebody may sue: $500, trebled to $1,500 for a willful violation. No attorney's fees.
|
Consent, before the call is placed at all |
| Pennsylvania PA | From 2026-10-18, prior express written consent (Act 47). Before that date the statute reaches a CALL only.
Somebody may sue: No direct right. A UTPCPL claim needs a purchase and ascertainable loss, which an unwanted text usually fails.
|
Consent, before the call is placed at all |
| Rhode Island RI | R.I. Gen. Laws § 5-61-3.4(a) requires a live operator, and the line must be released within 5 seconds of the called party hanging up.
Somebody may sue: Treble the amount paid.
|
A live person must get consent first |
| South Carolina SC | § 16-17-446(B) bars an automated solicitation except on an existing relationship or at the person's request.
Somebody may sue: $1,000, rising to $5,000.
|
Cold AI calls are not permitted here |
| Texas TX | A live operator plus a PUC permit for automated dialing (Util. Code §§ 55.126, 55.129-131).
Somebody may sue: $500, or $1,500 willful, for federal TCPA violations; the state no-call action is heavily gated.
|
A live person must get consent first |
| Utah UT | Utah Code § 13-25a-103 prohibits an automated solicitation absent consent or an existing business relationship, and the statute names an 'artificial voice'.
Somebody may sue: $500 on a SINGLE call, trebled for a knowing violation.
|
Consent, before the call is placed at all |
| Virginia VA | § 59.1-518.2 requires a live operator; its device is defined as one delivering a 'prerecorded OR SYNTHESIZED' voice, which reaches an AI voice on its face.
Somebody may sue: $500, then $1,000, then $5,000 for repeat violations, plus fees, with joint seller liability.
|
A live person must get consent first |
| Washington WA | RCW 80.36.400(2) bars an automatic dialing and announcing device for commercial solicitation outright. There is NO consent that cures it — unlike the text rule, where RCW 19.190.070(1)(b) lets affirmative consent through.
Somebody may sue: No direct action under CEMA (Wright v. Lyft); the route is the Consumer Protection Act per se, with trebling and fees and no injury-in-fact needed. Recipient damages fell from $500 to $100 per text for actions commenced on or after 2026-06-11 (ESHB 2274).
|
Cold AI calls are not permitted here |
| Wisconsin WI | A prerecorded solicitation needs a SIGNED WRITTEN AGREEMENT (ATCP 127.83(2)(b)). | Consent, before the call is placed at all |
| Wyoming WY | § 40-12-303(a) bars an automated solicitation; its safe harbours all require a LIVE message, so there is no consent cure.
Somebody may sue: Not under Article 3; the AG may seek $500, $2,500, then $5,000.
|
Cold AI calls are not permitted here |
Legal requirements only, and a best-effort reading with no legal review. Whether a carrier will carry the traffic is a separate question, and not one this page answers.